生物通报道:来自Complete Genomics公司,华盛顿大学,哈佛医学院等处的研究人员在11月6日《Science》杂志上发表论文,描述其专利DNA测序平台,并公布了对三个完整人类基因组序列分析的结果。
文章的通讯作者是来自Complete Genomics公司(CG)Radoje Drmanac博士和Dennis G. Ballinger博士,这家公司位于美国加利福利亚,是世界上首家提供大量人类基因组测序的服务机构。
为了进一步了解这一研究成果,生物通特采访了Radoje Drmanac博士,就一些读者感兴趣的问题请教了他。
生物通:第三代测序技术已经逐渐成为了一个热点,这篇Science文章给科学家们带来了许多惊喜,您能概况下这篇文章的主要内容吗?
Drmanac博士:这是第一篇证明Complete Genomics公司(以下简称CG公司)基因组技术的同行评审文章,这篇文章成功完成了三个人类基因组的序列测定,也说明了人类基因组测序的成本可以低至1726美元(45x coverage),并且保持高度的精确性。
生物通:实验研究过程中主要采用的技术有哪些?最重要的技术点在哪里?
Drmanac博士:CG公司的专利平台技术采用了复合探针-锚定分子连接(Combinatorial probe anchor ligation,cPAL)化学试剂,以及预制基因组DNA纳米芯片,后者能提高成像效率,降低成本。具体而言:
1)预制(准确的框架)基因组DNA纳米芯片缩小了所需试剂容量,并且能加快成像——每次成像能捕捉到更多的DNA点;
2)新颖的试剂(复合探针-锚定分子连接)能对70个DNA碱基对进行单独序列阅读——每个碱基对的阅读都是完全独立的,这种序列阅读利用的是低浓度低成本试剂。
生物通:文章中提到的纳米阵列测序技术相对于现在流行的第二代测序,有何优势?
Drmanac博士:新方法能在消耗更少试剂的前提下获得更多的数据——每台机器能获得1000Gb的数据,提高了一个数量级,也降低了整体的成本。
生物通:这项技术的个人基因组测序服务定价多少?预计在短期内,价格是否会显著下降?
Drmanac博士:CG公司目前还没有提供任何个人基因组测序的服务,一些小项目的价格是每个基因组20000美元(最少8个基因组),一些大型项目低至5000美元。
生物通:如何处理如此大量的数据?
Drmanac博士:我们提供给客户的是测序的结果,而不是一堆原始数据,因此我们的客户从CG公司拿到的是好用的,可以用于研究的数据,其中包含有每个基因组序列差异的分类和注解列表。这种数据集比直接从测序系统中获得的原始数据更小,也更易于处理。
生物通:这种技术是如何兼顾低成本和速度,效率的?
Drmanac博士:CG公司已经证明这项技术在成本低的前提下,确保了高精确性——精确性高达99.999%,和高通量,而且这一技术的生化基础也为未来测序质量和效率的急速提升奠定了良好的基础。
我们的这项技术能进行大规模,高精确性,低成本的完整人类基因组测序,因此对于成千上万的人类疾病,我们第一次可以进行大量患者的全面遗传学分析。
(生物通:王蕾)
附:
Complete Genomics
Corporate Vision
Many chronic and life-threatening diseases have a genetic basis, but current technology cannot analyze the human genome in a sufficiently complete or cost-effective manner to enable researchers to understand entire disease pathways. This incomplete understanding of the genetic interactions involved in disease limits healthcare outcomes by hindering the development of tailored drugs, diagnostics, and advanced disease prevention techniques.
Origin of an Idea
Complete Genomics was established in March 2006 by Dr. Clifford Reid, Dr. Radoje Drmanac, and Mr. John Curson, who shared a vision to provide high-throughput, affordable, and complete genome sequencing of human populations. Their goal was to enable commercial-scale research of the genetic mechanisms underlying drug responses and complex diseases, ensuring important advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic markets.
Flourishing Company
Complete Genomics sequenced its first genome in early 2009 and that data is publically available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Already, in 2009, Complete Genomics has sequenced and delivered genomes to important collaborators in academic, pharmaceutical and government research institutions. In 2010, the company intends to sequence 10,000 genomes. Complete Genomics’ mission is to become the global leader in human genome sequencing. It is currently building the world’s largest human genome sequencing center in California. Further expansion is planned by opening sequencing centers worldwide.
Winning Strategy
By offering low-cost, high-quality, complete DNA sequencing, Complete Genomics will power large-scale human genome studies that will enable great strides in our understanding of the genetic basis of disease. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that had been previously priced out of the market will finally be able to access population-wide human genomic data for a wide variety of diagnostic and discovery applications. This exploration will provide new avenues for therapeutic and diagnostic discovery to benefit human health.